{"id":17574,"date":"2021-04-15T11:57:09","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T11:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demop.netbaz.be\/2021\/jp\/?page_id=17574"},"modified":"2024-03-07T12:11:27","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T11:11:27","slug":"alternatives-in-latin-america","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/pistes-daction\/alternatives-en-amerique-latine\/","title":{"rendered":"Alternatives in Latin America"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"17574\" class=\"elementor elementor-17574\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-overlay-color=\"#000000\" data-dce-background-image-url=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/azjw7xi3qaa-scaled-1-e1625664709514.jpg\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0269dcf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0269dcf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;opacity-tilt&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 2600 131.1\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0 0L2600 0 2600 69.1 0 0z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.5\" d=\"M0 0L2600 0 2600 69.1 0 69.1z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.25\" d=\"M2600 0L0 0 0 130.1 2600 69.1z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1fe4d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c1fe4d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b72de6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b72de6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alternatives en Am\u00e9rique latine<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc00d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1ccc00d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6007e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a6007e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e87ddd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e87ddd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"spip\"><strong>R\u00c9-IMAGINONS NOS<br \/>\u00c9CONOMIES, NOS SOCI\u00c9T\u00c9S,<br \/>NOS MODES DE VIE.<\/strong><\/h3><p>Face aux multiples crises actuelles, un changement de mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement s\u2019impose. Pour inspirer ce changement chez nous, Justice et Paix et son groupe Am\u00e9rique latine proposent de mettre en valeur des alternatives concr\u00e8tes port\u00e9es par des acteurs latino-am\u00e9ricains.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ce617b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ce617b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#3a3a3a\" data-dce-title-color=\"#1d1d1d\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7de6c4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_ue_unfold\" data-id=\"7de6c4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_ue_unfold.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Unfold Content -->\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-css' href='https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-all.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-v4-shims.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\n<style>\/* widget: Unfold Content *\/\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d{\n opacity: 0;\n transition: opacity .2s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d.ue-full-opacity{\n opacity: 1;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d .unfold_wrapper{\n  max-height:100%;\n  width: 100%;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d .unfold_card\n{\n  position: relative;\n  overflow:hidden;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d .uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d{\n    position: absolute;\n    right: 0;\n    bottom: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    z-index: 1;\n    background: -moz-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff) 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d .ue-btn-wrap{\n        display: flex;   \n    position:relative;\n  z-index:2;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d #button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d{\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor:pointer;\n    transition:0.3s;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon\n{\n  line-height:1em;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon svg\n{\n  height:1em;\n  width:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d .unfold_wrapper\n{\n  overflow:hidden;\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\n{\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d .unfold_wrapper.ue-unfold-active #uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\n{\n  height:0px;\n}\n\n#ue-icon-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\n{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\n{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d  button\n{\n  outline:none;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div id=\"uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\" data-scroll-back=\"true\">\n<div class=\"unfold_card\">\n  <div class=\"unfold_wrapper\" id=\"unfold_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\">\n    <div class=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d uf_overlay\" id=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\"><\/div>\n              <h3 class=\"ue_unfold_title\"> Contexte <\/h3>\n                    <div class=\"ue-txt\"><p>Nous vivons une p\u00e9riode de turbulence globale. La crise de 2007-2008 a montr\u00e9 les fissures d\u2019un syst\u00e8me capitaliste en d\u00e9cadence. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une crise \u00e0 multiples facettes\u00a0:\u00a0<strong>au niveau \u00e9conomique, nous observons la fragilit\u00e9 de nos \u00e9conomies nationales<\/strong>\u00a0sujettes aux diktats de la finance internationale. Alors que des strictes mesures d\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 sont syst\u00e9matiquement appliqu\u00e9es en Europe et ailleurs, nous observons la multiplication de sch\u00e9mas d\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale dont nos gouvernants ne font pas leur priorit\u00e9.\u00a0<strong>La crise est aussi sociale<\/strong>, car au nom de l\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 et de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9, nos libert\u00e9s citoyennes et la solidarit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaires pour la construction d\u2019un tissu social sain et inclusif sont \u00e9rod\u00e9s.\u00a0<strong>Elle est aussi \u00e9cologique<\/strong>, car les avancements techniques et technologiques de notre \u00e8re, impuls\u00e9s sous le paradigme h\u00e9g\u00e9monique de la croissance, se basent sur la surexploitation de nos ressources naturelles afin de produire et de consommer toujours plus sans tenir compte des limites de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p><p>Enfin,\u00a0<strong>La crise est aussi morale<\/strong>. Les cons\u00e9quences de nos actes sont d\u2019autant plus visibles et tangibles alors que notre monde est aujourd\u2019hui davantage interconnect\u00e9. Les cons\u00e9quences sont concr\u00e8tes et pourront \u00eatre v\u00e9cues par les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 venir si nous ne changeons pas de route.<br class=\"autobr\" \/><span class=\"spip_document_2315 spip_documents spip_documents_center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/IMG\/jpg\/dsc00169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4896\" height=\"3672\" \/><\/span><br class=\"autobr\" \/>Dans ce contexte,\u00a0<strong>en tant que citoyens, nous sommes appel\u00e9s \u00e0 agir, \u00e0 reprendre la d\u00e9mocratie et la solidarit\u00e9 en main pour construire ensemble une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 plus inclusive et juste<\/strong>, ainsi qu\u2019un nouveau narratif\/discours sur le \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9veloppement\u00a0\u00bb, le \u00ab\u00a0progr\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb et la \u00ab\u00a0croissance\u00a0\u00bb. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019imaginer et de co-construire un monde qui puisse refl\u00e9ter la diversit\u00e9, la richesse d\u2019exp\u00e9riences, cultures, cosmologies et langues qui lui sont intrins\u00e8ques. Il s\u2019agit donc d\u2019imaginer et d\u2019adopter des valeurs et des modes de vie radicalement diff\u00e9rents, qui aient au centre le respect de l\u2019environnement et des personnes.<\/p><p>Heureusement ces \u2018brainstormings\u2019 collectifs ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 et nous voyons, partout dans le monde, des alternatives concr\u00e8tes se mettre en place.\u00a0<strong>Dans ce cadre, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique Latine repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 la fois un terrain de luttes et de r\u00e9sistances, ainsi qu\u2019un lieu ou plusieurs alternatives sont explor\u00e9es et mises en place au sein des communaut\u00e9s<\/strong>. De l\u2019agro-\u00e9cologie \u00e0 la gestion collective et autog\u00e9r\u00e9e des ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, en passant par l\u2019\u00e9ducation populaire et des essais de d\u00e9mocratie directe, les semis d\u2019un changement profond sont en cours.<\/p><p>En tant que volontaires du Groupe Am\u00e9rique Latine au sein de la Commission Justice et Paix \u2013 Belgique Francophone, nous sommes inspir\u00e9s par ces exp\u00e9riences et souhaitons nous engager dans ces r\u00e9flexions et actions concr\u00e8tes.\u00a0<strong>C\u2019est pourquoi nous avons voulu donner la parole \u00e0 ces acteurs et actrices porteur.euses de discours et de projets qui s\u2019inscrivent dans un autre mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/strong>\u00a0Un mod\u00e8le plus juste, plus \u00e9quilibr\u00e9, plus respectueux des droits des femmes et des hommes et de l\u2019environnement.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/-Alternatives-en-Amerique-latine?onglet=133\">D\u00e9couvrez les alternatives<\/a><\/p><p><span class=\"spip_document_2316 spip_documents spip_documents_center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/IMG\/jpg\/309.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4896\" height=\"3672\" \/><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <div class=\"ue-btn-wrap\" id=\"btn_wrapper btn_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\"> \n     <div class=\"ubfold_btn\" id=\"button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\">\n                  <span class=\"ue-btn-icon\" id=\"ue-icon-folded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\"><i class='fas fa-arrow-down'><\/i><\/span>\n          <span class=\"ue-btn-icon\" id=\"ue-icon-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\"><i class='fas fa-angle-up'><\/i><\/span>\n                 <span id=\"ue-text-folded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\"><\/span>\n        <span id=\"ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_7de6c4d\"><\/span>\n     <\/div>\n   <\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- end Unfold Content -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-overlay-image-url=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/logo-sm.png\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7bbf82 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7bbf82\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;opacity-tilt&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 2600 131.1\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0 0L2600 0 2600 69.1 0 0z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.5\" d=\"M0 0L2600 0 2600 69.1 0 69.1z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.25\" d=\"M2600 0L0 0 0 130.1 2600 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class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccf635b elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"ccf635b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"map_wrapper\" id=\"map_wrapper_3801\">\n<div class=\"map_box\" style=\"max-width:2200px\">\n<div class=\"map_aspect_ratio\" style=\"padding-top:56%\" data-padding-top=\"56%\" data-padding-top-mobile=\"\">\n<div class=\"map_container\">\n<div class=\"map_render map_loading\" id=\"map_3801\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2801abb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2801abb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-444c714 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"444c714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/logo-sm.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3449\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d25e1f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d25e1f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alternative par pays<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baed485 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"baed485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/alternatives-en-amerique-latine\/perou-alternative\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">P\u00e9rou<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/alternatives-en-amerique-latine\/mexique-alternative\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Mexique<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/alternatives-en-amerique-latine\/honduras-alternative\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Honduras<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/pistes-daction\/alternatives-en-amerique-latine\/colombie-alternative\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Colombie<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/alternatives-en-amerique-latine\/equateur-alternative\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Equateur<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b9f4ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3b9f4ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6ae814 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6ae814\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44261bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44261bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #c8a137;\"><strong>Historique Am\u00e9rique<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><p class=\"post_excerpt\">L\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine regroupe les pays d\u2019Am\u00e9rique dont la langue officielle est une langue latine. Souvent pens\u00e9e comme une ensemble homog\u00e8ne, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine pr\u00e9sente en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 une grande diversit\u00e9 tant du point de vue g\u00e9ographique, social ou culturel. N\u00e9anmoins, les pays de ce sous-continent partagent certaines caract\u00e9ristiques, \u00e0 commencer par un niveau d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9s tr\u00e8s important. En effet, bien que l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine ne soit pas la zone la plus pauvre du monde, elle pr\u00e9sente l\u2019un des taux d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9s les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s. On assiste ainsi, au sein d\u2019un m\u00eame pays, \u00e0 des taux de d\u00e9veloppement extr\u00eamement diff\u00e9rents. Les pays d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine partagent \u00e9galement un processus historique dont nous exposons ici les lignes principales.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c81d865 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c81d865\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fbe2c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9fbe2c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da51bf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"da51bf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2281\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2281\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">La p\u00e9riode coloniale<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2281\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2281\"><p>L\u2019histoire de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine d\u00e9bute avec les <strong>civilisations am\u00e9rindiennes<\/strong> notamment les civilisations pr\u00e9colombiennes les plus connues telles que les Azt\u00e8ques, les Mayas ou les Incas. La rencontre de ces civilisations avec l\u2019occident se fait de mani\u00e8re brutale et la colonisation espagnole et portugaise du 16\u00e8me si\u00e8cle entra\u00eene de nombreuses transformations.<\/p><p>D\u2019un point de vue \u00e9conomique, le continent va \u00eatre plac\u00e9 dans une situation de d\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique envers l\u2019\u00e9tranger, tandis que d\u2019un point de vue culturel, l\u2019identit\u00e9 indig\u00e8ne va devenir un crit\u00e8re d\u2019exclusion sociale.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2282\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2282\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">La p\u00e9riode des ind\u00e9pendances<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2282\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2282\"><p><strong>La p\u00e9riode des ind\u00e9pendances<\/strong><\/p><p>Entre <strong>1800<\/strong> et <strong>1850<\/strong>, les diff\u00e9rents pays d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine vont prendre leur ind\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis de l\u2019Espagne et du Portugal. La r\u00e9gion, auparavant organis\u00e9e en vice-royaut\u00e9s, va se diviser en Etats. Cette p\u00e9riode, marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 politique, voit appara\u00eetre le <strong>Caudillisme<\/strong>. Les caudillos (leaders polit\u0131iques et militaires) profitent du vide politique pour prendre le pouvoir et \u00e9tablir des r\u00e9seaux client\u00e9listes dans lesquels ils s\u2019assurent du pouvoir politique des populations pauvres en jouant de leur pouvoir \u00e9conomique.<\/p><p>L\u2019unification nationale des nouveaux Etats latino-am\u00e9ricains s\u2019av\u00e8re d\u00e8s lors particuli\u00e8rement difficile. A l\u2019aube du <strong>20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/strong>, bien que la p\u00e9riode coloniale soit r\u00e9volue, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s latino-am\u00e9ricaines restent n\u00e9anmoins profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9es par les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales et par une culture de la discrimination. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine conna\u00eet un ordre oligarchique bas\u00e9e sur la mise \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart des classes pauvres.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2283\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2283\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle et transition<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2283\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2283\"><p>L\u2019av\u00e8nement de la premi\u00e8re <strong>guerre mondiale<\/strong> entra\u00eene une phase de transition.<\/p><p>D\u2019un <strong>point de vue \u00e9conomique<\/strong>, les pays latino-am\u00e9ricains connaissent une industrialisation et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de la hausse des prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res qui leur permet de mieux s\u2019ins\u00e9rer dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale (bien que cela varie fort d\u2019un pays \u00e0 l\u2019autre).<\/p><p>D\u2019un point de vue<strong> socio-culturel<\/strong>, le d\u00e9but du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle est marqu\u00e9 par la naissance de l\u2019indig\u00e9nisme, par l\u2019urbanisation ainsi que les nouveaux mouvements sociaux qui lui sont li\u00e9s, la question agraire, ainsi que le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019art et de la litt\u00e9rature.<\/p><p>Enfin, d\u2019un <strong>point de vue g\u00e9opolitique<\/strong>, la mont\u00e9e en puissance des Etats-Unis impacte fort l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine puisque ces premiers m\u00e8nent une politique interventionniste, non seulement sur les aspects \u00e9conomiques, mais \u00e9galement politiques.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2284\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2284\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Les r\u00e9gimes national-populaires<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2284\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2284\"><p>La <strong>crise \u00e9conomique<\/strong> des ann\u00e9es 30 entraine le sous-continent dans une p\u00e9riode d\u2019instabilit\u00e9 puisque la plupart des pays s\u2019\u00e9tant endett\u00e9s durant la p\u00e9riode prosp\u00e8re se retrouvent dans l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de rembourser leur dette. Cette instabilit\u00e9 a pour cons\u00e9quence une vague de coups d\u2019Etat.<\/p><p>Entre <strong>1930<\/strong> et <strong>1933<\/strong>, l\u2019Argentine, le Br\u00e9sil, l\u2019Equateur, le Guatemala, le Panama, le P\u00e9rou, le Salvador et le Venezuela vont conna\u00eetre des coups d\u2019Etats. C\u2019est dans ce contexte que nait le mod\u00e8le du \u201c<strong>national-populisme<\/strong>\u201d caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un leader charismatique, un nationalisme exacerb\u00e9, la mobilisation et l\u2019int\u00e9gration des masses, des mesures redistributives, un protectionnisme sur certains secteurs coupl\u00e9s \u00e0 une ouverture des march\u00e9s pour d\u2019autres secteurs (e.g. Le Mexique avec Cardenas (1934 \u2013 1940), l\u2019Argentine avec P\u00e9ron (1943 \u2013 1955).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eba80b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eba80b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b22dd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"4b22dd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">La p\u00e9riode autoritaire<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7871\"><p>Au cours des <strong>ann\u00e9es 60<\/strong>, les Etats Unis mettent en place une politique vis-\u00e0-vis des pays latino-am\u00e9ricains caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un double volet : le <strong>volet r\u00e9formiste<\/strong> d\u2019une part, et le <strong>volet s\u00e9curitaire<\/strong> d\u2019autre part. Le volet r\u00e9formiste prend la forme d\u2019un programme d\u2019aide \u00e9conomique et sociale : <strong>Alliance for Progress<\/strong>. Ce volet va toutefois se dissiper pour ne laisser place qu\u2019au volet s\u00e9curitaire. L\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine conna\u00eet \u00e0 ce moment une p\u00e9riode de conflictualit\u00e9 sociale intense issue d\u2019une croissance \u00e9conomique sans v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p><p>La p\u00e9riode est \u00e9galement marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019apparition de gu\u00e9rillas ainsi que de nombreux coups d\u2019Etats militaires soutenus par les Etats-Unis qui ne veulent pas que l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de la <strong>r\u00e9volution cubaine<\/strong> de <strong>1959<\/strong> ne se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralise. S\u2019ensuit la p\u00e9riode autoritaire durant laquelle les dictatures militaires font usage de la violence dans tous les domaines de la vie. On peut citer, \u00e0 titre d\u2019exemple, le P\u00e9rou avec Velasco Alvarado (1968 \u2013 1975), la Bolivie avec Hugo Banzer (1971 \u2013 1982), le Chili avec Augusto Pinochet (1973 \u2013 1990).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">La transition d\u00e9mocratique<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7872\"><p>A partir des ann\u00e9es<strong> 1979<\/strong>, les pays ayant v\u00e9cu sous dictature vont entrer dans un processus de transition d\u00e9mocratique. N\u00e9anmoins ces transitions s\u2019accompagnent de grandes incertitudes puisque la consolidation de la d\u00e9mocratie n\u00e9cessite l\u2019int\u00e9gration des diff\u00e9rentes forces politiques.<\/p><p><br \/>La <strong>consolidation de la d\u00e9mocratie<\/strong> a lieu en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019un processus de <strong>lib\u00e9ralisation \u00e9conomique<\/strong>. En effet, la crise de la dette des ann\u00e9es 80 va marque l\u2019\u00e9puisement de l\u2019industrialisation latino am\u00e9ricaines et r\u00e9v\u00e9ler les limites de l\u2019Etat interventionniste. Le FMI et la Banque Mondiale vont alors imposer la mise en place de r\u00e9formes n\u00e9olib\u00e9rales s\u00e9v\u00e8res afin de permettre le retour \u00e0 une \u00e9conomie de march\u00e9.<\/p><p><br \/>Toutefois, ces r\u00e9formes n\u00e9olib\u00e9rales vont faire face \u00e0 une vague de contestations populaires qui pr\u00e9c\u00e9dera l\u2019av\u00e8nement de nouveaux r\u00e9gimes politiques au tournant du <strong>XXI<\/strong>\u00e8me si\u00e8cle.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Le virage \u00e0 gauche<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7873\"><p>Les ann\u00e9es <strong>2000<\/strong> sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par le \u00ab <strong>virage \u00e0 gauche<\/strong> \u00bb. Plusieurs pr\u00e9sidents de gauche sont \u00e9lus, c\u2019est le cas de <strong>Lula<\/strong> au Br\u00e9sil (2002), <strong>Kirchner<\/strong> en Argentine (2003), <strong>Morales<\/strong> en Bolivie (2005), <strong>V\u00e1zquez<\/strong> en Uruguay (2005), <strong>Correa<\/strong> (2006),<strong> Lugo<\/strong> au Paraguay (2008), ou encore <strong>Chavez<\/strong> au Venezuela (2008). Il faut toutefois pr\u00e9ciser que les formes politiques adopt\u00e9es par les diff\u00e9rents pays sont multiples, cependant elles partagent deux objectifs fondamentaux: la volont\u00e9 de r\u00e9duire les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales et l\u2019utilisation instrumentale de l\u2019Etat pour atteindre le premier objectif.<\/p><p>Ces nouveaux gouvernements s\u2019opposent d\u00e8s lors aux <strong>politiques n\u00e9olib\u00e9rales<\/strong> instaur\u00e9es depuis les ann\u00e9es 80. En augmentant le prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, ces pays parviennent \u00e0 augmenter leurs recettes d\u2019exportations et \u00e0 mettre en place des politiques sociales. Le redressement \u00e9conomique et social de ces pays permet aux gouvernements de se faire r\u00e9\u00e9lire. Cependant, une fois que la croissance \u00e9conomique a ralenti, en grande partie \u00e0 cause de la chute du prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, entra\u00eenant la temporisation des progr\u00e8s sociaux, la popularit\u00e9 de ces gouvernements a chut\u00e9.<\/p><p>L\u2019interruption du virage \u00e0 gauche s\u2019explique notamment par les limites du mod\u00e8le de <strong>d\u00e9veloppement n\u00e9o-extractiviste<\/strong> adopt\u00e9 par ces pays, ainsi que par les limites de l\u2019Etat centralis\u00e9 dirig\u00e9 par des leaders charismatiques dont la succession s\u2019av\u00e8re difficile. Malgr\u00e9 les progr\u00e8s de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine reste min\u00e9e par les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et les gouvernements progressistes devront, pour l\u2019avenir, trouver comment d\u00e9passer les limites du mod\u00e8le extractiviste.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2bdf83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a2bdf83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08b0549 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08b0549\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9254467 elementor-skin-carousel elementor-widget elementor-widget-media-carousel\" data-id=\"9254467\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_per_view&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"media-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Slides\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"IMG_3906\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/IMG_3906-1-768x512.jpg&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"IMG_5293\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/IMG_5293-768x512.jpg&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"20181204_142551\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/20181204_142551-scaled-e1625663134992-768x275.jpg&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"IMG_5106\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/IMG_5106-768x512.png&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c6ee1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"97c6ee1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;arrow&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 700 10\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M350,10L340,0h20L350,10z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50cdd8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50cdd8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-336325e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"336325e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Engagez-vous \u00e0 nos c\u00f4t\u00e9s !<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3974ccb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3974ccb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-863f931 elementor-align-right elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"863f931\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/volontariat\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-hands-helping\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M488 192H336v56c0 39.7-32.3 72-72 72s-72-32.3-72-72V126.4l-64.9 39C107.8 176.9 96 197.8 96 220.2v47.3l-80 46.2C.7 322.5-4.6 342.1 4.3 357.4l80 138.6c8.8 15.3 28.4 20.5 43.7 11.7L231.4 448H368c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64h16c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32v-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24v-48c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24zm147.7-37.4L555.7 16C546.9.7 527.3-4.5 512 4.3L408.6 64H306.4c-12 0-23.7 3.4-33.9 9.7L239 94.6c-9.4 5.8-15 16.1-15 27.1V248c0 22.1 17.9 40 40 40s40-17.9 40-40v-88h184c30.9 0 56 25.1 56 56v28.5l80-46.2c15.3-8.9 20.5-28.4 11.7-43.7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Je m'engage<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00c9-IMAGINONS NOS\u00c9CONOMIES, NOS SOCI\u00c9T\u00c9S,NOS MODES DE VIE. Face aux multiples crises actuelles, un changement de mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement s\u2019impose. Pour inspirer ce changement chez nous, Justice et Paix et son groupe Am\u00e9rique latine proposent de mettre en valeur des alternatives concr\u00e8tes port\u00e9es par des acteurs latino-am\u00e9ricains. Contexte Nous vivons une p\u00e9riode de turbulence globale. La [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3349,"parent":17686,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17574","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17574\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17686"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justicepaix.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}